{"id":1516,"date":"2018-07-04T01:03:28","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T23:03:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/my-immunity.com\/staging\/?page_id=1516"},"modified":"2018-07-04T13:59:05","modified_gmt":"2018-07-04T11:59:05","slug":"lentinula-edodes-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/my-immunity.com\/staging\/it\/lentinula-edodes-it.html","title":{"rendered":"Lentinula Edodes IT"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\"  style='background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;'><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_1  fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last 1_1\"  style='margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row \"><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_3_4  fusion-three-fourth fusion-column-first 3_4\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:75%;width:calc(75% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.75 ) );margin-right:4%;'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><div class=\"fusion-text\"><div class=\"content-story clear-block\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Shiitake Mushroom<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>Scientific Name:<\/strong> Lentinula edodes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Name:<\/strong> Forest mushroom, lentinula, pasania fungus, lentinula, hua gu<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1268\" src=\"https:\/\/my-immunity.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/lentinula_edodes.jpg\" alt=\"lentinula_edodes\" width=\"331\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/my-immunity.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/lentinula_edodes-200x120.jpg 200w, https:\/\/my-immunity.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/lentinula_edodes-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/my-immunity.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/lentinula_edodes.jpg 331w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Non abbiamo tradotto ma lasciato ogni pubblicazione scientifica sui funghi medicinale nella sua forma e lingua originale dal momento che tutte le informazioni provengono dal pi\u00f9 rinomato, antico e pi\u00f9 grande centro medico privato al mondo sul cancro, il <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/cancer-care\/herb\/shiitake-mushroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, che si trova a New York, fondato nel 1884.<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bottom Line: Lentinan, a polysaccharide extracted from Shiitake, may help extend the survival of patients with some cancers when used with chemotherapy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The medicinal properties of Shiitake mushroom are attributed to a polysaccharide (sugar molecule) named lentinan, on which extensive research has been done. Lentinan is a polysaccharide called a 1,3 beta glucan. In laboratory tests, lentinan does not kill cancer cells directly, but enhances a number of aspects of the immune system, which may aid in the slowing of tumor growth. Lentinan also kills viruses and microbes directly in laboratory studies. Most studies involving lentinan involve intravenous or intramuscular injections. It is uncertain whether ingestion of shiitake mushrooms provides similar effects. One clinical trial has shown shiitake extract alone is not an effective treatment for prostate cancer. More studies are needed.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Purported Uses<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>To prevent and treat cancer<\/strong><br \/>\nA Shiitake extract was found ineffective for the treatment of prostate cancer. But an oral formulation of Lentinan was shown effective in extending the survival in patients with stomach, colorectal, pancreatic cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma. Larger studies are needed to confirm this.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To lower high cholesterol<\/strong><br \/>\nLentinan has a cholesterol-lowering effect in lab studies, but there is no proof from clinical trials that either lentinan or shiitake mushrooms can lower cholesterol in people.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To stimulate the immune system<\/strong><br \/>\nLentinan stimulates the activity of certain immune cells in lab studies and in people. However, it is unclear if lentinan or shiitake are effective in treating diseases such as AIDS and cancer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>To treat infections<\/strong><br \/>\nNo scientific evidence supports this use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Research Evidence<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Few clinical studies have been performed with shiitake mushrooms. However, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/cancer-care\/herb\/lentinan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lentinan<\/a>, the active compound present in shiitake mushrooms, has been studied in cancer patients.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Side Effects<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Dermatitis (inflammation of the skin)<\/li>\n<li>Increased skin sensitivity to sunlight<\/li>\n<li>Eosinophilia (an abnormally high level of certain white blood cells)<\/li>\n<li>Upset stomach<\/li>\n<li>Hypersensitivity Pneumonia<\/li>\n<li>Consumption of a whole shiitake mushroom caused small bowel obstruction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Special Point<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Shiitake mushrooms are a common part of the diet in many cultures. It is unknown what dose of lentinan is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract when shiitake mushrooms are consumed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Clinical Summary<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Shiitake mushroom, native to East Asia, is cultivated worldwide for its purported health benefits. The fresh and dried forms of the mushroom are commonly used in East Asian cooking. It is also valued as an anticancer agent.<br \/>\nLentinan (1,3 beta-D-glucan), a polysaccharide isolated from Shiitake, has been well studied and is thought responsible for the mushroom&#8217;s beneficial effects. It was shown to have anticancer effects in colon cancer cells <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-1\"><sup>(1)<\/sup><\/a>, which may be due to its ability to suppress cytochrome P450 1A enzymes that are known to metabolize pro-carcinogens to active forms <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-2\"><sup>(2)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nLentin, the protein component, has strong antifungal properties, inhibits proliferation of leukemic cells, and suppresses the activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-3\"><sup>(3)<\/sup><\/a>. Studies conducted with Shiitake extracts in vitro and in mice revealed the mushroom&#8217;s antiproliferative <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-4\"><sup>(4)<\/sup><\/a>, cytotoxic <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-21\"><sup>(21)<\/sup><\/a>, immunostimulatory <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-4\"><sup>(4)<\/sup><\/a>, hepatoprotective <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-5\"><sup>(5)<\/sup><\/a>, antimutagenic <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-6\"><sup>(6)<\/sup><\/a>, and anticaries <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-7\"><sup>(7)<\/sup><\/a> properties, but a clinical trial failed to show effectiveness in the treatment of prostate cancer <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-8\"><sup>(8)<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Results from two small studies of HIV-positive patients who were administered intravenous lentinan showed a statistically insignificant increase in CD4 cells and neutrophil activity in some patients; researchers also reported severe adverse effects in some patients <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-9\"><sup>(9)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nBut improvements in quality of life and survival were seen with an oral formulation of superfine dispersed lentinan in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-15\"><sup>(15)<\/sup><\/a>, gastric <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-16\"><sup>(16)<\/sup><\/a>, colorectal <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-17\"><sup>(17)<\/sup><\/a>, and pancreatic <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-18\"><sup>(18)<\/sup><\/a> cancers. An orally administered Shiitake mycelial extract decreased the incidence of adverse effects associated with chemotherapy in a small study of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-22\"><sup>(22)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nLarge scale studies are needed to establish Shiitake as a useful adjunct to cancer treatment.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Food Sources<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Available as fresh or dried whole mushroom.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Purported Uses<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Cancer prevention<\/li>\n<li>Cancer treatment<\/li>\n<li>High cholesterol<\/li>\n<li>Immunostimulation<\/li>\n<li>Infections<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Constituents<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Polysaccharides: Lentinan, 1-3-beta-D-glucan<\/li>\n<li>Protein: Lentin<\/li>\n<li>Lipids: Linoleic Acid<\/li>\n<li>Ergosterol<\/li>\n<li>Amino Acids: Lysine, arginine, methionine and phenylalanine<\/li>\n<li>Minerals and electrolytes: Potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc<\/li>\n<li>Lignins<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-3\"><sup>(3)<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Mechanism of Action<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Lentinan possesses immune-regulatory, antimicrobial, anti viral, and cholesterol-lowering effects <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-13\"><sup>(13)<\/sup><\/a>. The water extract of shiitake decreased IL-1 production and apoptosis in human neutrophils. However, it increased apoptosis in U937 monocytic cell line <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-14\"><sup>(14)<\/sup><\/a>. Lentin, the protein component of shiitake, has strong antifungal effects. An in vitro study has shown lentin can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells and suppress the activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-3\"><sup>(3)<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Adverse Reactions<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>Case Reports:<\/strong><br \/>\nChronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis was observed in a lung cancer patient following exposure to Shiitake spores <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-10\"><sup>(10)<\/sup><\/a>. Prolonged consumption of Shiitake powder resulted in dermatitis, photosensitivity <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-11\"><sup>(11)<\/sup><\/a>, eosinophilia, and gastrointestinal upset <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-12\"><sup>(12)<\/sup><\/a>. Intermittent skin eruptions (dermatitis), over a period of 16 years, were linked to consumption of shiitake mushrooms in a 45-year-old male <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-19\"><sup>(19)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nFood allergy manifested as oesophageal symptoms was reported in a 37-year-old man following consumption of shiitake mushroom <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-20\"><sup>(20)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nHypersensitivity pneumonia was reported in a 37-year-old man following inhalation of Shiitake mushroom spores <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-23\"><sup>(23)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nDermatitis has been reported after consumption of raw or cooked shiitake mushroom <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-24\"><sup>(24)<\/sup><\/a> <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-25\"><sup>(25)<\/sup><\/a> <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-26\"><sup>(26)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nConsumption of raw shiitake mushrooms led to flagellate erythema, characterized by pruritic, erythematous eruption of multiple linear streaks on the trunk and extremities <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-27\"><sup>(27)<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nSwallowing a whole shiitake mushroom caused small bowel obstruction resulting in necrosis and mucosal damage in the small intestine <a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-28\"><sup>(28)<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Herb Lab Interactions<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Chronic consumption of Shiitake may increase eosinophil count.<a class=\"ext\" href=\"#references-12\"><sup>(12)<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Literature Summary and Critique<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p>Few significant clinical studies have been performed with the shiitake mushroom. However, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/cancer-care\/herb\/lentinan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lentinan<\/a>, a polysaccharide component of the mushroom, has been studied extensively.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><u>Purpose of this published study is scientific information and education, it should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. This website is designed for general education and information purposes only and does not substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis or treatment.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">References<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><em><strong>Source of Information: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mskcc.org\/cancer-care\/herb\/shiitake-mushroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center<\/a>, the oldest and largest private cancer center, located in New York, founded in 1884.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ng ML, Yap AT. <a name=\"references-1\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12470439\">Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes).<\/a> <em>J Altern Complement Med<\/em> 2002;8(5):581-589.<\/li>\n<li>Okamoto T, Kodoi R, Nonaka Y, et al. <a name=\"references-2\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15630237\">Lentinan from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) suppresses expression of cytochrome P450 1A subfamily in the mouse liver.<\/a> <em>Biofactors.<\/em> 2004;21(1-4):407-409.<\/li>\n<li>Ngai PH, Ng TB. <a name=\"references-3\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14572878\">Lentin, a novel and potent antifungal protein from shitake mushroom with inhibitory effects on activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase and proliferation of leukemia cells.<\/a> <em>Life Sci.<\/em> Nov 14 2003;73(26):3363-3374.<\/li>\n<li>Israilides C, Kletsas D, Arapoglou D, et al. <a name=\"references-4\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18242970\">In vitro cytostatic and immunomodulatory properties of the medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes.<\/a> <em>Phytomedicine<\/em> 2008.<\/li>\n<li>Akamatsu S, Watanabe A, Tamesada M, et al. <a name=\"references-5\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15577212\">Hepatoprotective effect of extracts from Lentinus edodes mycelia on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury.<\/a> <em>Biol Pharm Bull.<\/em> 2004;27(12):1957-1960.<\/li>\n<li>de Lima PL, Delmanto RD, Sugui MM, et al. <a name=\"references-6\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11551477\">Letinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Shiitake) modulates genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by alkylating agents in vivo.<\/a> <em>Mutat Res.<\/em> 2001;496(1-2):23-32.<\/li>\n<li>Shouji N, Takada K, Fukushima K, Hirasawa M. <a name=\"references-7\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10601791\">Anticaries effect of a component from shiitake (an edible mushroom).<\/a> <em>Caries Res<\/em> 2000;34(1):94-98.<\/li>\n<li>deVere White RW, Hackman RM, Soares SE, Beckett LA, Sun B. <a name=\"references-8\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12385925\">Effects of a mushroom mycelium extract on the treatment of prostate cancer.<\/a> <em>Urology<\/em> 2002;60(4):640-644.<\/li>\n<li>Gordon M, Bihari B, Goosby E, et al. <a name=\"references-9\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10503166\">A placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator, lentinan, in HIV-positive patients: a phase I\/II trial<\/a>. <em>J Med<\/em> 1998;29(5-6):305-330.<\/li>\n<li>Suzuki K, Tanaka H, Sugawara H, et al. <a name=\"references-10\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11757770\">Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Shiitake mushroom spores associated with lung cancer.<\/a> <em>Intern Med<\/em> 2001;40(11):1132-1135.<\/li>\n<li>Hanada K, Hashimoto I. <a name=\"references-11\"><\/a>Flagellate mushroom (Shiitake) dermatitis and photosensitivity. Dermatology. 1998;197(3):255-257.<\/li>\n<li>Levy AM, Kita H, Phillips SF, et al. <a name=\"references-12\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9600497\">Eosinophilia and gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of shiitake mushrooms.<\/a> <em>J Allergy Clin Immunol<\/em> 1998;101(5):613-620.<\/li>\n<li>Hobbs C. <a name=\"references-13\"><\/a>Medicinal Mushrooms, 3<sup>rd<\/sup> ed. Loveland (CO): Interweave Press; 1996.<\/li>\n<li>Sia GM, Candish JK. <a name=\"references-14\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10190187\">Effects of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line.<\/a> <em>Phytother Res<\/em> 1999;13(2):133-7.<\/li>\n<li>Isoda N, Eguchi Y, Nukaya H, et al. <a name=\"references-15\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19579616?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&amp;ordinalpos=3\">Clinical efficacy of superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.<\/a> <em>Hepatogastroenterology.<\/em> 2009 Mar-Apr;56(90):437-41.<\/li>\n<li>Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J. <a name=\"references-16\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19596954?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&amp;ordinalpos=4\">Individual patient based meta-analysis of lentinan for unresectable\/recurrent gastric cancer.<\/a> <em>Anticancer Res.<\/em> 2009 Jul;29(7):2739-45.<\/li>\n<li>Hazama S, Watanabe S, Ohashi M, et al. <a name=\"references-17\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19596936?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&amp;ordinalpos=1\">Efficacy of orally administered superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.<\/a> <em>Anticancer Res.<\/em> 2009 Jul;29(7):2611-7.<\/li>\n<li>Shimizu K, Watanabe S, Watanabe S, et al. <a name=\"references-18\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19453066?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&amp;ordinalpos=2\">Efficacy of oral administered superfine dispersed lentinan for advanced pancreatic cancer.<\/a> <em>Hepatogastroenterology.<\/em> 2009 Jan-Feb;56(89):240-4.<\/li>\n<li>Garg S, Cockayne SE. <a name=\"references-19\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18794485\">Shiitake dermatitis diagnosed after 16 years!<\/a> <em>Arch Dermatol.<\/em> 2008 Sep;144(9):1241-2.<\/li>\n<li>Goikoetxea MJ, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ben\u00edtez M, Sanz ML. <a name=\"references-20\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19783350\">Food allergy to Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) manifested as oesophageal symptoms in a patient with probable eosinophilic oesophagitis.<\/a> <em>Allergol Immunopathol (Madr).<\/em> 2009 Nov-Dec;37(6):333-4.<\/li>\n<li>Yukawa H, Ishikawa S, Kawanishi T, Tamesada M, Tomi H. <a name=\"references-21\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22791146\">Direct cytotoxicity of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.<\/a>\u00a0<em>Biol Pharm Bull.<\/em> 2012;35(7):1014-21.<\/li>\n<li>Okuno K, Uno K. <a name=\"references-22\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22126542\">Efficacy of orally administered Lentinula edodes mycelia extract for advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy: a pilot study.<\/a>\u00a0<em>Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.<\/em> 2011;12(7):1671-4.<\/li>\n<li>Ampere A, Delhaes L, Soots J, Bart F, Wallaert B. <a name=\"references-23\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22329454\">Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Shiitake mushroom spores.<\/a>\u00a0<em>Med Mycol.<\/em> 2012 Aug;50(6):654-7.<\/li>\n<li>Chu EY, Anand D, Dawn A, Elenitsas R, Adler DJ.<span class=\"jrnl\" title=\"Cutis\"> <a name=\"references-24\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23837150\">Shiitake dermatitis: a report of 3 cases and review of the literature.<\/a><em> Cutis<\/em><em>.<\/em> 2013 Jun;91(6):287-90. <\/span><\/li>\n<li>Adriano AR, Acosta ML, Azulay DR, et al. <a name=\"references-25\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23793190\">Shiitake dermatitis: the first case reported in Brazil.<\/a> <em>An Bras Dermatol.<\/em> 2013 May-Jun;88(3):417-9.<\/li>\n<li>Hamer S, Rabindranathnambi R. <a name=\"references-26\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23291817\">A wide-spread flagellate dermatitis.<\/a> <em>BMJ Case Rep. <\/em> 2013 Jan 3;2013.<\/li>\n<li>Wang AS, Barr KL, Jagdeo J.<span class=\"jrnl\" title=\"Dermatology online journal\"> <a name=\"references-27\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24021365\">Shiitake mushroom-induced flagellate erythema: A striking case and review of the literature.<\/a><em> Dermatol Online J.<\/em> 2013 Apr 15;19(4):5.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Kusumoto M, Koganemaru M, Nakayama G, Iwamoto R. <a name=\"references-28\"><\/a><a class=\"ext\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23355579\">Dietary small bowel obstruction.<\/a> <em>BMJ Case Rep.<\/em> 2013 Jan 25;2013.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"#top\">Top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion_builder_column_1_4  fusion-one-fourth fusion-column-last 1_4\"  style='margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;width:25%;width:calc(25% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.25 ) );'><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper\" style=\"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;\"  data-bg-url=\"\"><div class=\"fusion-widget-area fusion-widget-area-1 fusion-content-widget-area\"><style type=\"text\/css\" scoped=\"scoped\">.fusion-widget-area-1 {padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 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